The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and others, such as EP, JP, and ChP, have developed test techniques to ensure that particle counts are kept to a minimum in intravenous injections (parenteral ...

Particle measurements in ultra-pure water (UPW) systems can take a long time to return to a stable baseline after normal operations are interrupted by an event such as maintenance shutdowns. A ...

Germany's national metrology institute has built a calibration facility that anchors vehicle emission particle counters to ...

Modern manufacturing techniques frequently require clean environments designed, constructed, and maintained to facilitate the highest production yields possible while also meeting predictable ...

In reliability engineering, few indicators are as consistently revealing as the particles that infiltrate a lubrication system. Long before vibration, temperature, or performance changes become ...