Quantum logic gates based on quantum electrodynamics (QED) in strong coupling regime between quantum dots and microcavities ...

Metalens is a kind of optical metasurface composed of metaatoms for manipulating incoming light's amplitude, phase, and polarization. Unlike traditional refractive lenses, metalens can modulate the ...

Electro-optical photonic integrated circuits (PICs) based on lithium niobate (LiNbO 3) have demonstrated the vast capabilities of materials with a high Pockels coefficient 1, 2 . They enable linear ...

QAM is used to achieve greater spectrum efficiency. This is accomplished by utilizing both the amplitude and phase components to modulate, or alter, the waveform. In this scenario, the QAM waveform ...

Modulation is the process of converting data into radio waves by adding information to an electronic or optical carrier signal. A carrier signal is one with a steady waveform (a constant amplitude and ...